Factors associated with opposition to a vape-free campus policy

Authors

  • Seok Hyun Gwon University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
  • Youngjoo Cho Department of Applied Statistics, Konkuk University
  • Linnea Laestadius Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
  • Yang Wang Peking University Health Science Center
  • Han-Joo Lee Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18060/24556

Keywords:

health policy, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, cross-sectional studies, tobacco, surveys and questionnaires

Abstract

Objective. To assess the characteristics of campus populations who were opposed to a vape-free campus policy and examine factors associated with opposition to a vape-free campus policy among those who indicated support for a tobacco-free policy.

Participants. Faculty, staff, and students (N=2210) in a Midwestern university participated. Methods. Individuals were invited to a campus-wide online survey about the tobacco-free policy on campus in spring 2018. Pearson’s χ2, t-test, and binary logistic regression were used for analysis.

Results. Age, gender, current tobacco use, perceived harmfulness of e-cigarettes, and perceived harmfulness of secondhand smoke were significantly associated with opposition to the vape-free campus policy.

Conclusions. Our data highlight the importance of various demographic factors that are associated with opposition to the vape-free policy. The current field needs to use informative approaches to improve knowledge of overall tobacco in health campaigns and public health programs on campus and within community outreach programs.

Author Biographies

Seok Hyun Gwon, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Dr. Gwon’s research focuses on innovative methods to modify and prevent health-risk behavior among adolescents and young adults using a transdisciplinary approach. He is particularly interested in promoting nicotine-free behavior in these emerging age groups by altering cognitive characteristics (e.g., attentional bias). Dr. Gwon also studies the development of the public health workforce to improve population health outcomes with a focus on mediating effects of modified health-risk behavior of the community populations. He places a high value on collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches.

Youngjoo Cho, Department of Applied Statistics, Konkuk University

Youngjoo Cho is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Statistics in Konkuk University. He received in his Ph.D. in Statistics at The Pennsylvania State University in 2015. His research interest is Survival Analysis, Machine Learning and Causal Inference. He is also interested in application of statistics to medical studies and health sciences research.

Linnea Laestadius, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Dr. Laestadius’ research focuses on the intersection of public health, technology, and behavior (corporate, institutional, and personal). She is particularly interested in qualitative explorations of the ways in which user-generated content on social media can document and shape public health relevant behaviors, the ethics of novel technologies with privacy and equity implications, and food technology as a potential avenue for the promotion of more sustainable dietary patterns. Dr. Laestadius also has a long-standing interest in tobacco control policy and is currently engaged with research related to e-cigarette content on social media.   

More broadly, Dr. Laestadius’ research and teaching interests include public health advocacy and communication, as well as the policymaking and implementation process. Currently, Dr. Laestadius teaches the core MPH course Principles of Public Health Policy and Administration and an upper level course on policymaking and analysis. 

Han-Joo Lee, Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

My primary research interests are centered in adult psychopathology of anxiety disorders and their related emotional and personality problems with respect to their clinical manifestations, maintenance mechanisms, and potential risk factors (with an emphasis on obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder). Particularly, I am conducting experimental psychopathology studies to investigate the nature of maladaptive cognitive-perceptual information processing (e.g., attentional bias) underlying anxiety problems. Another line of my research interests is the utilization of web-based techniques in psychological assessment and intervention. I have developed several online assessment systems with my colleagues, including an online diagnostic interview system designed to evaluate individuals presenting with a variety of anxiety problems.

References

American College Health Association (2012). Position statement on tobacco on college and university campuses. Journal of American College Health, 60(3), 266-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2012.660440

American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation (2020, July 1). Smokefree and tobacco-free U.S. and tribal colleges and universities. https://no-smoke.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/smokefreecollegesuniversities.pdf

American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. (n.d.). Smokefree colleges and universities continue to grow in popularity. https://no-smoke.org/at-risk-places/colleges/

American Psychological Association (2019, September). Gender. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/bias-free-language/gender

Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.

Braverman, M. T., Hoogesteger, L. A., Johnson, J. A., & Aarø, L. E. (2017). Supportive of a smoke-free campus but opposed to a 100% tobacco-free campus: Identification of predictors among university students, faculty, and staff. Preventive Medicine, 94, 20-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.10.021

Brown, E. M., Henes, A. L., & Olson, L. T. (2016). E-cigarette policies on college campuses: Student use behaviors, awareness, and policy support. Journal of Community Health, 41(6), 1110-1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-016-0262-y

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2018, November). State system pre-emption fact sheet. https://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/preemption/Preemption.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, April 21). Extinguishing the tobacco epidemic in Wisconsin. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/osh/state-fact-sheets/wisconsin/index.html#:~:text=Wisconsin%20has%20a%20comprehensive%20smoke,from%20exposure%20to%20secondhand%20smoke.

Cheney, M. K., Gowin, M., & Clawson, A. H. (2018). Using the Ecological Model to understand influences on college student vaping. Journal of American College Health, 66(7), 597-607. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1440578

Cooper, T. V., Cabriales, J. A., Hernandez, N., & Law, J. (2016). A baseline assessment of attitudes toward tobacco free campus policies in a US/México border university. Addictive Behavior, 60, 223-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.04.023

Craver, R. (2019, January 8). Juul ends 2018 with 76 percent market share. Winston-Salem Journal. https://www.journalnow.com/business/juul-ends-with-percent-market-share/article_6f50f427-19ec-50be-8b0c-d3df18d08759.html

Defoe, I. N., Dubas, J. S., Figner, B., & Van Aken, M. A. (2015). A meta-analysis on age differences in risky decision making: Adolescents versus children and adults. Psychological Bulletin, 141(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038088

Dinakar, C. & O’Connor, G. T. (2016). The health effects of electronic cigarettes. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(14), 1372-1381. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1502466

Gwon, S. H., Jeong, S. (2018). Concept analysis of impressionability among adolescents and young adults. Nursing Open, 5(4), 601-610. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.170

Etter, J. (2017). Gateway effects and electronic cigarettes. Addiction, 113(10), 1776-1783. https://doi.org10.1111/add.13924

Harding, A. (2014, June 2). 4 myths about e-cigarettes. Live Science. https://www.livescience.com/46053-e-cigarettes-myths-safety-facts.html

Heath, J., Hollen, P. J., Bialous, S. A., Coyne, B., & Sarna, L. (2016). Few US schools of nursing on campuses with smoke-free policies: A call for action. Nursing Outlook, 64(3), 271-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2015.12.008

Hu, S. S., Homa, D. M., Wang, T., Gomez, Y., Walton, K., Lu, H., & Neff, L. (2019). State-specific patterns of cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco use, and e-cigarette use among adults—United States, 2016. Preventing Chronic Disease, 16(E17), 1-15, http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.180362

Jongenelis, M. I., Kameron, C., Rudaizky, D., Slevin, T., & Pettigrew, S. (2019). Perceptions of the harm, addictiveness, and smoking cessation effectiveness of e-cigarettes among Australian young adults. Addictive Behavior, 90, 217-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.004

Kann, L., Olsen, E. O. M., McManus, T., Harris, W.A., Shanklin, S. L., Flint, K. H., Queen, B., Lowry, R., Chyen, D., Whittle, L., & Thornton, J. (2016). Sexual identity, sex of sexual contacts, and health-related behaviors among students in grades 9-12 — United States and selected sites, 2015. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Surveillance Summaries, 65(9), 1-202. https://doi.org/ 10.15585/mmwr.ss6509a1external icon

Leavens, E. L. S., Stevens, E. M., Brett, E. I., Hébert, E. T., Villanti, A. C., Pearson, J. L., & Wagener, T. L. (2019). JUUL electronic cigarette use patterns, other tobacco product use, and reasons for use among ever users: Results from a convenience sample. Addictive Behaviour, 95, 178-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.02.011

Lee, J. G., Griffin, G. K., & Melvin, C. L. (2007). Tobacco use among sexual minorities in the USA, 1987 to May 2007: A systematic review. Tobacco Control, 18(4), 275-282. https://doi.org/10.1136/tc.2008.028241

McCausland, K., Maycock, B., Leaver, T., & Jancey, J. (2019). The messages presented in electronic cigarette–related social media promotions and discussion: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(2), e11953. https://doi.org/10.2196/11953

McLeroy, K. R, Bibeau, D., Steckler, A., & Glanz, K. (1988). An ecological perspective on health promotion programs. Health Education & Behaviour, 15(4), 351-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/109019818801500401

King, A. C., Smith, L. J., McNamara, P. J., Matthews, A. K., & Fridberg, D. J. (2015). Passive exposure to electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use increases desire for combustible and e-cigarettes in young adult smokers. Tobacco Control, 24(5), 501-504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051563Mirbolouk, M., Charkhchi, P., Kianoush, S., Uddin, S. I., Orimoloye, O. A., Jaber, R., Bhatnagar, A., Benjamin, E. J., Hall, M. E., DeFilippis, A. P., & Maziak, W. (2018). Prevalence and distribution of e-cigarette use among US adults: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system. Annals of Internal Medicine, 169(7), 409-438. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-3440

Nicksic, N. E., Snell, L. M., & Barnes, A. J. (2019). Reasons to use e-cigarettes among adults and youth in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Addictive Behavior, 93, 93-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.037

Passanisi, A., Craparo, G., & Pace, U. (2017). Magical thinking and decision-making strategies among late adolescent regular gamblers: A mediation model. Journal of Adolescence, 59, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.05.016

Pokhrel, P., Fagan, P., Herzog, T. A., Laestadius, L., Buente, W., Kawamoto, C. T, Lee, H. R., & Unger, J. B. (2018). Social media e-cigarette exposure and e-cigarette expectancies and use among young adults. Addictive Behavior, 78, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.10.017

Public Health Law Center. (2020, September 15). E-cigarette regulations – Wisconsin. https://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/resources/us-e-cigarette-regulations-50-state-review/wi

Reimer, M. (2019, February 17). The reality of Juuling on campus. Iowa State Daily. http://www.iowastatedaily.com/app_content/juuling-on-campus/article_48b9fcfa-3306-11e9-b989-2bb3a5342643.html

Sallis, J. F., Cervero, R. B., Ascher, W., Henderson, K. A., Kraft, M. K., & Kerr, J. (2006). An ecological approach to creating active living communities. Annual Review of Public Health, 27, 297-322. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102100

Satterlund, T. D., Cassady, D., Treiber, J., & Lemp, C. (2011). Barriers to adopting and implementing local-level tobacco control policies. Journal of Community Health, 36(4), 616-623. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-010-9350-6

Scott-Parker, B., & Weston, L. (2017). Sensitivity to reward and risky driving, risky decision making, and risky health behaviour: A literature review. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 49, 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2017.05.008

Stahr, A. (2015, June 1). New product: PAX LABS introduces e-cigarette JUUL. Vape News.com. https://vapenews.com/vape-news/new-product-pax-labs-introduces-e-cigarette-juul/

Tan, A. S., Mello, S., Sanders‐Jackson, A., & Bigman, C. A. (2017). Knowledge about chemicals in e‐cigarette secondhand vapor and perceived harms of exposure among a national sample of US adults. Risk Analysis, 37(6), 1170-1180. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12676

Thomson, G., Wilson, N., Collins, D., & Edwards, R. (2016). Attitudes to smoke-free outdoor regulations in the USA and Canada: A review of 89 surveys. Tobacco Control, 25(5), 506-516. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052426

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2010). A report of the Surgeon General: How tobacco smoke causes disease: What it means to you. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2014). The health consequences of smoking: 50 years of progress. A report of the surgeon general. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2016). E-cigarette use among youth and young adults. A report of the surgeon general. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.

U.S. Food & Drug Administration (2019, March 28). Fact or fiction: What to know about smoking cessation and medications. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fact-or-fiction-what-know-about-smoking-cessation-and-medications

U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (2020, September 17). Vaporizers, E-cigarettes, and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). https://www.fda.gov/tobacco-products/products-ingredients-components/vaporizers-e-cigarettes-and-other-electronic-nicotine-delivery-systems-ends

Vasconcelos, V. & Gilbert, H. (2019). Smokers’ knowledge and perception of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes): A qualitative study of non-quitting smokers in a North London general practice. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 20(e38). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423618000439

Veitch A. (2018, December 11). Juuling craze hits AU as more students use e-cigarettes on campus. The Eagle. https://www.theeagleonline.com/article/2018/12/juuling-craze-hits-au

Wagoner, K., Song, E. Y., Egan, K. L., Sutfin, E. L., Reboussin, B. A., Spangler, J., & Wolfson, M. (2014). E-cigarette availability and promotion among retail outlets near college campuses in two Southeastern states. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16(8), 150-1155. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu081

Wang, T. W., Tynan, M. A., Hallett, C., Walpert, L., Hopkins, M., Konter, D., & King, B. A. (2018). Smoke-free and tobacco-free policies in colleges and universities―United States and territories, 2017. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(24), 686. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6724a4

Willett, J. G., Bennett, M., Hair, E. C., Haijuan, X., Greenberg, M. S., Harvey, E., Cantrell, J., & Vallone, D. (2019). Recognition, use and perceptions of JUUL among youth and young adults. Tobacco Control, 28(1), 115-116. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054273

Wisconsin Department of Health Services. (2019, January). Youth Tobacco Survey 2018: high school snapshot. https://www.dhs.wisconsin.gov/publications/p01624.pdf

Downloads

Published

2021-03-30

Issue

Section

Research Articles